{"id":6994,"date":"2025-12-25T14:11:31","date_gmt":"2025-12-25T07:11:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/taingo.ddns.net\/tinhocnhatrang\/?p=6994"},"modified":"2025-12-25T14:11:31","modified_gmt":"2025-12-25T07:11:31","slug":"thong-tin-ve-cac-mo-hinh-mang-hien-nay","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/taingo.ddns.net\/tinhocnhatrang\/thong-tin-ve-cac-mo-hinh-mang-hien-nay\/","title":{"rendered":"TH\u00d4NG TIN V\u1ec0 C\u00c1C M\u00d4 H\u00ccNH M\u1ea0NG HI\u1ec6N NAY"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-6995\" src=\"http:\/\/taingo.ddns.net\/tinhocnhatrang\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/1754463369_cac-mo-hinh-mang-may-tinh.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"http:\/\/taingo.ddns.net\/tinhocnhatrang\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/1754463369_cac-mo-hinh-mang-may-tinh.jpg 800w, http:\/\/taingo.ddns.net\/tinhocnhatrang\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/1754463369_cac-mo-hinh-mang-may-tinh-300x169.jpg 300w, http:\/\/taingo.ddns.net\/tinhocnhatrang\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/1754463369_cac-mo-hinh-mang-may-tinh-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"m\u00f4-h\u00ecnh-m\u1ea1ng-m\u00e1y-t\u00ednh-l\u00e0-g\u00ec?\"><strong>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh<\/strong>\u00a0l\u00e0 khung ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c,\u00a0<strong>k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i<\/strong>\u00a0v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng. N\u00f3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 giao ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u1edbi nhau.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a\u00a0<strong>m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u1ea1ng<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0110\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp v\u00e0\u00a0<strong>k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt ch\u01a1i: Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 quy t\u1eafc truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">T\u1ed1i \u01b0u hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t: \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u di\u1ec5n ra hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt: Cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-6998\" src=\"http:\/\/taingo.ddns.net\/tinhocnhatrang\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/1754470853_cac-mo-hinh-mang-may-tinh-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"http:\/\/taingo.ddns.net\/tinhocnhatrang\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/1754470853_cac-mo-hinh-mang-may-tinh-1.jpg 800w, http:\/\/taingo.ddns.net\/tinhocnhatrang\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/1754470853_cac-mo-hinh-mang-may-tinh-1-300x169.jpg 300w, http:\/\/taingo.ddns.net\/tinhocnhatrang\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/1754470853_cac-mo-hinh-mang-may-tinh-1-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"ph\u00e2n-lo\u1ea1i-m\u00f4-h\u00ecnh-m\u1ea1ng-theo-ph\u1ea1m-vi-\u0111\u1ecba-l\u00fd\"><strong>Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u1ea1ng theo ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd.<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng,\u00a0<strong>m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00f3 m\u1ea5y lo\u1ea1i<\/strong> ch\u00ednh nh\u01b0 sau:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">1. Personal Area Network (PAN)<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Personal_area_network\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">M\u1ea1ng khu v\u1ef1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"> c\u00f3 ph\u1ea1m vi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong kho\u1ea3ng 10 m\u00e9t, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nhu c\u1ea7u\u00a0<strong>k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i<\/strong>\u00a0c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Bluetooth v\u00e0 Wi-Fi Direct l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh cho PAN.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">D\u1ec5 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt cao do ph\u1ea1m vi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Ph\u1ea1m vi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ea5t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng cao<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb\u00a0<strong>k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i<\/strong>\u00a0\u00edt<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i<\/strong> tai nghe Bluetooth, truy\u1ec1n file gi\u1eefa \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter  wp-image-7004\" src=\"http:\/\/taingo.ddns.net\/tinhocnhatrang\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/MANG-CA-NHANHAN.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"832\" height=\"615\" srcset=\"http:\/\/taingo.ddns.net\/tinhocnhatrang\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/MANG-CA-NHANHAN.jpg 1600w, http:\/\/taingo.ddns.net\/tinhocnhatrang\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/MANG-CA-NHANHAN-300x222.jpg 300w, http:\/\/taingo.ddns.net\/tinhocnhatrang\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/MANG-CA-NHANHAN-1024x757.jpg 1024w, http:\/\/taingo.ddns.net\/tinhocnhatrang\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/MANG-CA-NHANHAN-768x568.jpg 768w, http:\/\/taingo.ddns.net\/tinhocnhatrang\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/MANG-CA-NHANHAN-1536x1136.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 832px) 100vw, 832px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">2. Local Area Network (LAN)<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Local_area_network\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">LAN<\/a> l\u00e0\u00a0m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh <strong>m\u1ea1ng\u00a0c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9<\/strong> ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 trong ph\u1ea1m vi m\u1ed9t t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 ho\u1eb7c khu v\u1ef1c nh\u1ecf (th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u01b0\u1edbi 1km). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i m\u1ea1ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng, tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cao<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Chi ph\u00ed tri\u1ec3n khai th\u1ea5p<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">D\u1ec5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Chia s\u1ebb t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Ph\u1ea1m vi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">C\u1ea7n chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong> M\u1ea1ng v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng, m\u1ea1ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc, m\u1ea1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh, qu\u00e1n internet.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter  wp-image-7007\" src=\"http:\/\/taingo.ddns.net\/tinhocnhatrang\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/1LAN.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"867\" height=\"804\" srcset=\"http:\/\/taingo.ddns.net\/tinhocnhatrang\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/1LAN.jpg 1000w, http:\/\/taingo.ddns.net\/tinhocnhatrang\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/1LAN-300x278.jpg 300w, http:\/\/taingo.ddns.net\/tinhocnhatrang\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/1LAN-768x712.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 867px) 100vw, 867px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">3. Campus Area Network (CAN)<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Campus_network\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">CAN<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"> l\u00e0 <strong>m\u1ea1ng khu v\u1ef1c<\/strong> c\u00f3 ph\u1ea1m vi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 1-5km,\u00a0<strong>k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i<\/strong>\u00a0nhi\u1ec1u LAN trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n vi\u00ean ho\u1eb7c khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd g\u1ea7n nhau.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i<\/strong>\u00a0hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 trong c\u00f9ng khu\u00f4n vi\u00ean<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n MAN<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1eadp trung d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi thu\u00ea \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng WAN<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Ph\u1ea1m vi v\u1eabn c\u00f2n h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">C\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng ri\u00eang<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n LAN \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong> M\u1ea1ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, khu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n \u0111a c\u01a1 s\u1edf, khu nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter  wp-image-7008\" src=\"http:\/\/taingo.ddns.net\/tinhocnhatrang\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Campus-Area-Network-CAN.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"891\" height=\"495\" srcset=\"http:\/\/taingo.ddns.net\/tinhocnhatrang\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Campus-Area-Network-CAN.webp 900w, http:\/\/taingo.ddns.net\/tinhocnhatrang\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Campus-Area-Network-CAN-300x167.webp 300w, http:\/\/taingo.ddns.net\/tinhocnhatrang\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Campus-Area-Network-CAN-768x427.webp 768w, http:\/\/taingo.ddns.net\/tinhocnhatrang\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Campus-Area-Network-CAN-800x445.webp 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 891px) 100vw, 891px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>4. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Metropolitan_area_network\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MAN<\/a> l\u00e0 m\u1ea1n<strong>g \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb<\/strong> c\u00f3 ph\u1ea1m vi <strong>ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c khu v\u1ef1c l\u1edbn (5-50km)<\/strong>. Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1edbn c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u chi nh\u00e1nh trong c\u00f9ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i<\/strong>\u00a0nhi\u1ec1u LAN trong c\u00f9ng khu v\u1ef1c<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n WAN<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi thu\u00ea nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng WAN<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1eadp trung hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Chi ph\u00ed tri\u1ec3n khai cao<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong> M\u1ea1ng ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh c\u00e1p, m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc l\u1edbn.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-7012\" src=\"http:\/\/taingo.ddns.net\/tinhocnhatrang\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/jaringan-man-metropolitan-area-network.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"790\" height=\"637\" srcset=\"http:\/\/taingo.ddns.net\/tinhocnhatrang\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/jaringan-man-metropolitan-area-network.jpg 790w, http:\/\/taingo.ddns.net\/tinhocnhatrang\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/jaringan-man-metropolitan-area-network-300x242.jpg 300w, http:\/\/taingo.ddns.net\/tinhocnhatrang\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/jaringan-man-metropolitan-area-network-768x619.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 790px) 100vw, 790px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>5. Wide Area Network (WAN)<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wide_area_network\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">WAN<\/a> l\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng\u00a0<strong>k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd xa nhau<\/strong>, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i qua nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia ho\u1eb7c ch\u00e2u l\u1ee5c. WAN bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb quy m\u00f4 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ebfn to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Ph\u1ea1m vi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng (qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ebfn to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i<\/strong>\u00a0\u0111a v\u00f9ng, \u0111a qu\u1ed1c gia<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 truy\u1ec1n d\u1eabn<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng linh ho\u1ea1t<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh cao<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n LAN\/MAN<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0110\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 cao do kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch xa<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong> M\u1ea1ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111a qu\u1ed1c gia, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, m\u1ea1ng vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng khu v\u1ef1c.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter  wp-image-7014\" src=\"http:\/\/taingo.ddns.net\/tinhocnhatrang\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/wide-area-network-wan-diagram-vector.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"866\" height=\"565\" srcset=\"http:\/\/taingo.ddns.net\/tinhocnhatrang\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/wide-area-network-wan-diagram-vector.jpg 1502w, http:\/\/taingo.ddns.net\/tinhocnhatrang\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/wide-area-network-wan-diagram-vector-300x196.jpg 300w, http:\/\/taingo.ddns.net\/tinhocnhatrang\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/wide-area-network-wan-diagram-vector-1024x668.jpg 1024w, http:\/\/taingo.ddns.net\/tinhocnhatrang\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/wide-area-network-wan-diagram-vector-768x501.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 866px) 100vw, 866px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">6. Global Area Network (GAN)<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>GAN<\/strong> l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i WAN \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf <strong>quy m\u00f4 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u<\/strong>,\u00a0<strong>k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i<\/strong>\u00a0c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng WAN tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1p quang \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ec7 tinh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c backbone qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. Internet l\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a GAN.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i<\/strong>\u00a0to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 m\u1ecdi lo\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Backbone cho c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Chi ph\u00ed x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ef1c cao<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1ea5t cao<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong>\u00a0Internet, m\u1ea1ng backbone qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1ec7 tinh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, c\u00e1p quang xuy\u00ean l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-7016\" src=\"http:\/\/taingo.ddns.net\/tinhocnhatrang\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/1754470957_cac-mo-hinh-mang-may-tinh-7.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"http:\/\/taingo.ddns.net\/tinhocnhatrang\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/1754470957_cac-mo-hinh-mang-may-tinh-7.jpg 800w, http:\/\/taingo.ddns.net\/tinhocnhatrang\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/1754470957_cac-mo-hinh-mang-may-tinh-7-300x169.jpg 300w, http:\/\/taingo.ddns.net\/tinhocnhatrang\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/1754470957_cac-mo-hinh-mang-may-tinh-7-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"ph\u00e2n-lo\u1ea1i-m\u00f4-h\u00ecnh-m\u1ea1ng-theo-c\u1ea5u-tr\u00fac-v\u1eadt-l\u00fd\"><strong>Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u1ea1ng theo c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u1eadt l\u00fd (topology) quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c\u00a0<strong>k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i<\/strong>\u00a0v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c node trong m\u1ea1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-7019\" src=\"http:\/\/taingo.ddns.net\/tinhocnhatrang\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/network_topology.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"950\" height=\"165\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">1. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh sao (Star)<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb\u00a0<strong>k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i<\/strong>\u00a0tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t node trung t\u00e2m (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 switch ho\u1eb7c hub). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 topology ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng LAN hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">D\u1ec5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">L\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t node kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn to\u00e0n m\u1ea1ng<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">D\u1ec5 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u00eam thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o node trung t\u00e2m<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Chi ph\u00ed cao do c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1p\u00a0<strong>k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">N\u1ebfu node trung t\u00e2m h\u1ecfng, to\u00e0n m\u1ea1ng ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong>\u00a0M\u1ea1ng v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng, m\u1ea1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ATM, m\u1ea1ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter  wp-image-7021\" src=\"http:\/\/taingo.ddns.net\/tinhocnhatrang\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/1754470968_cac-mo-hinh-mang-may-tinh-8.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"975\" height=\"549\" srcset=\"http:\/\/taingo.ddns.net\/tinhocnhatrang\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/1754470968_cac-mo-hinh-mang-may-tinh-8.jpg 800w, http:\/\/taingo.ddns.net\/tinhocnhatrang\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/1754470968_cac-mo-hinh-mang-may-tinh-8-300x169.jpg 300w, http:\/\/taingo.ddns.net\/tinhocnhatrang\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/1754470968_cac-mo-hinh-mang-may-tinh-8-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 975px) 100vw, 975px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>2. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u1ea1ng v\u00f2ng (Ring)<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0<strong>k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i<\/strong>\u00a0theo d\u1ea1ng v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u truy\u1ec1n theo m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u ho\u1eb7c hai chi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb node n\u00e0y sang node kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 xung \u0111\u1ed9t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh khi t\u1ea3i cao<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m c\u00e1p\u00a0<strong>k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">M\u1ed7i node c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">M\u1ed9t node h\u1ecfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ng\u1eebng to\u00e0n m\u1ea1ng<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c th\u00eam ho\u1eb7c b\u1edbt thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1eadm khi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng node t\u0103ng<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong> Token Ring network (\u0111\u00e3 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi), m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, m\u1ea1ng quang h\u1ecdc.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter  wp-image-7024\" src=\"http:\/\/taingo.ddns.net\/tinhocnhatrang\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/1754470980_cac-mo-hinh-mang-may-tinh-9.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"962\" height=\"541\" srcset=\"http:\/\/taingo.ddns.net\/tinhocnhatrang\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/1754470980_cac-mo-hinh-mang-may-tinh-9.jpg 800w, http:\/\/taingo.ddns.net\/tinhocnhatrang\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/1754470980_cac-mo-hinh-mang-may-tinh-9-300x169.jpg 300w, http:\/\/taingo.ddns.net\/tinhocnhatrang\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/1754470980_cac-mo-hinh-mang-may-tinh-9-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 962px) 100vw, 962px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">3. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u1ea1ng tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh (Bus)<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb\u00a0<strong>k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i<\/strong>\u00a0v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh duy nh\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c connector ho\u1eb7c tap.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Chi ph\u00ed tri\u1ec3n khai th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">D\u1ec5 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp cho m\u1ea1ng nh\u1ecf<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m c\u00e1p v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb\u00a0<strong>k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch ng\u1eafn<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3m khi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Kh\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">M\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng to\u00e0n m\u1ea1ng<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt k\u00e9m do d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c broadcast<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong> M\u1ea1ng nh\u1ecf trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh (\u0111\u00e3 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi), m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang, m\u1ea1ng c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-7025\" src=\"http:\/\/taingo.ddns.net\/tinhocnhatrang\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/1754470986_cac-mo-hinh-mang-may-tinh-10.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"http:\/\/taingo.ddns.net\/tinhocnhatrang\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/1754470986_cac-mo-hinh-mang-may-tinh-10.jpg 800w, http:\/\/taingo.ddns.net\/tinhocnhatrang\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/1754470986_cac-mo-hinh-mang-may-tinh-10-300x169.jpg 300w, http:\/\/taingo.ddns.net\/tinhocnhatrang\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/1754470986_cac-mo-hinh-mang-may-tinh-10-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">4. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi (Mesh)<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">M\u1ed7i node c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0<strong>k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i<\/strong>\u00a0tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u node kh\u00e1c, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0110\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady cao nh\u1ea5t<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nhanh<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Chi ph\u00ed tri\u1ec3n khai r\u1ea5t cao<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">C\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1p v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb\u00a0<strong>k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong> Internet backbone, m\u1ea1ng vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng quan tr\u1ecdng, m\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2y mesh.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-7026\" src=\"http:\/\/taingo.ddns.net\/tinhocnhatrang\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/1754470992_cac-mo-hinh-mang-may-tinh-11.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"http:\/\/taingo.ddns.net\/tinhocnhatrang\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/1754470992_cac-mo-hinh-mang-may-tinh-11.jpg 800w, http:\/\/taingo.ddns.net\/tinhocnhatrang\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/1754470992_cac-mo-hinh-mang-may-tinh-11-300x169.jpg 300w, http:\/\/taingo.ddns.net\/tinhocnhatrang\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/1754470992_cac-mo-hinh-mang-may-tinh-11-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"ph\u00e2n-lo\u1ea1i-m\u00f4-h\u00ecnh-m\u1ea1ng-theo-ch\u1ee9c-n\u0103ng\"><strong>5. Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u1ea1ng theo ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n chia vai tr\u00f2,\u00a0<strong>c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh<\/strong>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Client-Server<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Trong\u00a0<strong>m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh<\/strong>\u00a0n\u00e0y, server (m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7) cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean cho c\u00e1c client (m\u00e1y kh\u00e1ch). Server \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 trung t\u00e2m x\u1eed l\u00fd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1eadp trung hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt cao v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp t\u1ed1t<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">D\u1ec5 backup v\u00e0 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Chia s\u1ebb t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1i \u01b0u<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Chi ph\u00ed tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh cao<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o server trung t\u00e2m<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">C\u1ea7n chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n cao \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn khi qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong> H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, website th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, email server, c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-7029\" src=\"http:\/\/taingo.ddns.net\/tinhocnhatrang\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/1754471162_cac-mo-hinh-mang-may-tinh-12.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"http:\/\/taingo.ddns.net\/tinhocnhatrang\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/1754471162_cac-mo-hinh-mang-may-tinh-12.jpg 800w, http:\/\/taingo.ddns.net\/tinhocnhatrang\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/1754471162_cac-mo-hinh-mang-may-tinh-12-300x169.jpg 300w, http:\/\/taingo.ddns.net\/tinhocnhatrang\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/1754471162_cac-mo-hinh-mang-may-tinh-12-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>6. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Peer-to-Peer (P2P)<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">C\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh trong m\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 ngang h\u00e0ng, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 client v\u1eeba l\u00e0 server. M\u1ed7i peer c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c peer kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Chi ph\u00ed tri\u1ec3n khai th\u1ea5p<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">D\u1ec5 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 linh ho\u1ea1t<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ed7i trung t\u00e2m<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">T\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu l\u1ed7i cao<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt k\u00e9m v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Kh\u00f3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c peer<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong> Chia s\u1ebb file BitTorrent, m\u1ea1ng blockchain, Skype (phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n c\u0169), m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 nh\u1ecf.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-7030\" src=\"http:\/\/taingo.ddns.net\/tinhocnhatrang\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/1754471383_cac-mo-hinh-mang-may-tinh-13.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"http:\/\/taingo.ddns.net\/tinhocnhatrang\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/1754471383_cac-mo-hinh-mang-may-tinh-13.jpg 800w, http:\/\/taingo.ddns.net\/tinhocnhatrang\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/1754471383_cac-mo-hinh-mang-may-tinh-13-300x169.jpg 300w, http:\/\/taingo.ddns.net\/tinhocnhatrang\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/1754471383_cac-mo-hinh-mang-may-tinh-13-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>7. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Hybrid (Lai)<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 Client-Server v\u00e0 P2P, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng server trung t\u00e2m cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 P2P cho c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">T\u1ed1i \u01b0u hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Linh ho\u1ea1t trong tri\u1ec3n khai<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai\u00a0<strong>m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">C\u1ea7n chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n cao \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Chi ph\u00ed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cao<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong troubleshooting<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong> C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng chat hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i n\u1ed9i dung (CDN), game online, m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-7031\" src=\"http:\/\/taingo.ddns.net\/tinhocnhatrang\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/1754471391_cac-mo-hinh-mang-may-tinh-14.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"http:\/\/taingo.ddns.net\/tinhocnhatrang\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/1754471391_cac-mo-hinh-mang-may-tinh-14.jpg 800w, http:\/\/taingo.ddns.net\/tinhocnhatrang\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/1754471391_cac-mo-hinh-mang-may-tinh-14-300x169.jpg 300w, http:\/\/taingo.ddns.net\/tinhocnhatrang\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/1754471391_cac-mo-hinh-mang-may-tinh-14-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn theo nhu c\u1ea7u:<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eeba v\u00e0 l\u1edbn:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Ph\u1ea1m vi: LAN\/MAN k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p WAN<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Topology: Star ho\u1eb7c Mesh (cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quan tr\u1ecdng)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng: Client-Server ho\u1eb7c Hybrid<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u1ecf, gia \u0111\u00ecnh:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Ph\u1ea1m vi: LAN<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Topology: Star<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng: Client-Server \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Ph\u1ea1m vi: PAN<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Topology: Star (qua thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trung t\u00e2m)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng: P2P<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quan tr\u1ecdng, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cao:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Ph\u1ea1m vi: MAN\/WAN<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Topology: Mesh<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng: Hybrid<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u00e0 g\u00ec? M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh\u00a0l\u00e0 khung ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/taingo.ddns.net\/tinhocnhatrang\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6994"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/taingo.ddns.net\/tinhocnhatrang\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/taingo.ddns.net\/tinhocnhatrang\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/taingo.ddns.net\/tinhocnhatrang\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/taingo.ddns.net\/tinhocnhatrang\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6994"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/taingo.ddns.net\/tinhocnhatrang\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6994\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7034,"href":"http:\/\/taingo.ddns.net\/tinhocnhatrang\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6994\/revisions\/7034"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/taingo.ddns.net\/tinhocnhatrang\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6994"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/taingo.ddns.net\/tinhocnhatrang\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6994"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/taingo.ddns.net\/tinhocnhatrang\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6994"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}